Wednesday, July 31, 2024

Network Operating Systems

 




What is a network operating system (NOS):

A network operating system (NOS) is a computer operating system (OS) that's designed primarily to support workstations, PCs and, in some instances, older terminals that are connected on a local area network (LAN). The software behind a NOS enables multiple devices within a network to communicate and share resources with each other. However, a typical NOS no longer exists, as most OSes have built-in network stacks that support a client-server model.

A NOS coordinates the activities of multiple computers across a network. This can include such devices as PCs, printers, file servers and databases connected to a local network. The role of the NOS is to provide basic network services and features that support multiple input requests simultaneously in a multiuser environment.


Types of network operating systems:

There are two basic types of network operating systems:

  • Peer-to-peer (P2P) network OSes let users share network resources saved in a common, accessible location. In this architecture, all devices are treated equally in terms of functionality. P2P usually works best for small and medium LANs and is less expensive to set up compared to the client-server model.
  • Client-server network OSes provide users with access to resources through a server. In this architecture, all functions and applications are unified under one file server that can be used to execute individual client actions, regardless of physical location. Client-server tends to be more expensive than P2P to set up and requires significant technical maintenance. An advantage of the client-server model is that the network is controlled centrally, which makes changes or additions to technology easier to incorporate.



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Saturday, July 27, 2024

System software - Examples and Uses

 


System software refers to the low-level software that manages and controls a computer’s hardware and provides basic services to higher-level software. There are two main types of software: systems software and application software. Systems software includes the programs that are dedicated to managing the computer itself, such as the operating system, file management utilities, and disk operating system (or DOS).


Examples of System Software

System software is a type of computer program that is designed to run a computer’s hardware and application programs and examples of system software include operating systems (OS) (like macOS, Linux, Android, and Microsoft Windows), game engines, search engines(like google,Bing,Yahoo!), industrial automation, computational science software, and (SaS)software as a service applications.

  • Operating systems (OS): Windows, Linux, macOS, etc.
  • Device drivers: software that enables the communication between hardware and OS.
  • Firmware: pre-installed low-level software that controls a device’s basic functions.
  • Utility software: tools for system maintenance and optimization.
  • Boot loaders: software that initializes the OS during startup.

Why use System Software:

Here are some reasons why system software is necessary:
  1. Hardware Communication: System software serves as an interface between the hardware and software components of a computer, enabling them to communicate and work together.
  2. Resource Management: System software manages computer resources such as memory, CPU usage, and storage, optimizing their utilization and ensuring that the system operates efficiently.
  3. Security: System software provides security measures such as firewalls, antivirus software, and encryption, protecting the system and its data from malware, viruses, and other security threats.
  4. User Interface: System software provides a user interface that allows users to interact with the computer or computing device and perform various tasks.
  5. Application Support: System software supports the installation and running of applications and software on the system.
  6. Customization: System software allows for customization of the system settings and configuration, giving users greater control over their computing environment.



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Thursday, July 25, 2024

15 New Technology Trends

 



  1. AI-Powered Cybersecurity

The tremendous increase in cyberattacks, ransomware, and email phishing is forcing cybersecurity organizations to find modern and advanced tech solutions to address the vulnerabilities. Today, criminals are hacking individuals’ accounts, organizations’ infrastructure, and all-scale businesses, causing millions of losses.

As a result, businesses are adopting new Cybersecurity technologies, such as Artificial Intelligence development (AI), to safeguard and monitor their organization’s network against hackers. Moreover, cloud-storage firms are implementing end-to-end encryptions for data transfer and online storage.


  1. Edge Computing 

Cloud computing, once a cutting-edge innovation to keep an eye on, has now entered the mainstream, with market leaders like Amazon Web Services, Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud. As more organizations are switching to cloud solutions, the adoption of cloud computing solutions is continually expanding. This new technology is designed to solve business problems and bypass the latency caused by cloud computing.

Experts predict that by 2024, the global edge computing market will reach $6.72 billion. The figure is clearly indicating the ever-growing demand for edge computing in the coming time.


  1. Virtual Reality & Augmented Reality

Coming to the amazing new technology 2024, i.e., VR & AR. These two technologies are also dominating the current market. Virtual Reality immerses the user in an environment while Augmented Reality improves their environment. Although these technologies are majorly used in the gaming industry, they have also been utilized for training software developed for US Navy and more.

Professionals state that AR and VR have tremendous potential in education, marketing, training, and entertainment. Around 14 million AR and VR devices were sold in 2019, which is expected to rise to $209.2 billion by 2024. These trending solutions create more opportunities and welcome all-scale businesses to prepare for this game-changing field.


  1. Blockchain

Although most businesses consider blockchain technology only useful for Cryptocurrency, blockchain offers security more than that. Blockchain is consensus-driven, and no other entity can take control of the data. The best part about this new era of technology is businesses don’t need any third party to oversee or validate transactions.

Today, ample industries are implementing blockchain technology to take their business to the heights of success. It has also raised the demand to hire a blockchain developer. Whether you are a developer or a business planning to make a great career, stepping into this new technology trend would be advantageous.


  1. Robotic Process Automation (RPA)

Unlike AI and ML, Robotic Process Automation (RPA) helps enable job automation. It is software that automates manual business processes, including application interpretation, data handling, and transaction processing. Incorporating RPA solutions into business process automates repetitive tasks and reduce manual efforts. All this further results in business productivity and efficiency.

Besides benefitting today’s businesses, introducing RPA has also created new job opportunities for beginners or job seekers while altering existing jobs. This new battery technology is undoubtedly replacing humans but helping businesses achieve perfection and productivity.


  1. 5G Technology

Another new technology following the Internet of Things is 5G technology. Where the introduction of 3G and 4G technologies have enabled us to browse the internet and increased the bandwidths for streaming on Spotify, 5G services are revolutionizing our lives. The technology has enabled services relying on modern-age technologies like AR & VR with cloud-based gaming services like Google Stadia.

Now, the 5G technology is expected to utilize in factories in the form of HD cameras that helps to improve safety and traffic management. This cool new technology is replacing traditional methods with advanced ones and helping businesses improve their work.


  1. Internet of Things (IoT)

IoT, or the Internet of Things, is another promising new technology, especially for fitness app development. Currently, almost every device is built with WiFi connectivity which means the devices can be connected to the internet and with each other. Therefore, IoT applications and solutions are the future. This new era of technology has already enabled devices, home appliances, cars, etc., to connect and exchange data over the internet.

The world is already experiencing the significant benefits of IoT. For instance, now the doors can easily be locked and unlocked via smartphones, and all the activities can be tracked on devices. Credit goes to IoT app development. The forecast suggests that by 2030, around 50 million IoT devices will be there worldwide, and the global IoT app spend is forecasted to reach $1.1 trillion by the end of 2024. What else could be a better proof reflecting the bright future for organizations implementing IoT in their systems.


  1. Metaverse

Facebook, now recognized as Meta, put a spotlight on the Metaverse and is described as the bright new technology 2024. Metaverse is a 3D space that people can log into as avatars to work, socialize, collaborate, or play games together. Currently, organizations are spending on hi-tech technologies to bring Metaverse to life, such as AR and VR.

According to experts, Metaverse real estate sales reached $501 million in 2021 and are expected to increase tremendously in the coming time. For instance, VR headphones enable people to explore things, get immersed in the digital world, and share their experiences. Thanks to this cool new technology, people can now own virtual assets and experience the amazing benefits of Metaverse in 2024 and beyond.


  1. Edtech

The era of COVID-19 has taught the importance of online services and learning. The education sector has also grown from that time, and as a result, many educational technologies were introduced. Now, educational technology or edtech organizations have emerged to offer high-end solutions via digital platforms for remote learning. Therefore, investment in this sector is increasing, and even startups and institutes have started using online education software and in video conferencing application development.

Also, businesses keep searching ‘How much does it cost to develop a video conferencing app?‘ or education software. Overall, edtech professionals can take advantage of this new technology and build a better career by developing the best education applications.


  1. Telehealth

Another new era of technology ruling 2024 is the telehealth industry transforming medical app development. Today, there are ample technologies available in the healthcare sector, such as new knee replacement technology, new hip replacement technology, new hearing aid technology, etc. Now, patients with any type of medical concern can avail of online healthcare services from the comfort of their homes. With the help of telecare health monitoring devices, businesses can track lifestyle changes and internal body states.

Businesses can also incorporate AI in telehealth to scan data to select patients enrolling in telehealth programs and send alerts if a patient’s health metrics exceed the defined criteria in the healthcare app.


  1. Cyber Security

Cyber security might not seem like new technology, and it has been for quite a while, but this technology is also evolving with time. Sometimes, hackers try to access the data illegally and continue to find ways to get through even the toughest security measures. That’s why implementing cybersecurity solutions has become mandatory in today’s time.

Gartner predicts that by 2025 60% of organizations will use cybersecurity risk as a major determinant in promoting business engagements and third-party transactions. So, if you also have business risk, it is advisable to incorporate the best cybersecurity solutions into your organization’s infrastructure and save it from malicious attackers.


  1. Quantum Computing

Coming to another great new technology, i.e., quantum computing, takes advantage of quantum phenomena like entanglement and superposition. Such new technology gadgets were also helpful at the time of COVID. It helped prevent the spread of coronavirus and create vaccines as the technology can monitor, analyze, and act on data, regardless of the source.

Today, big brands like Microsoft, Google, Honeywell, and more are now involved in making tremendous innovations in quantum computing. Even quantum computers are 10x times faster than traditional computers. Also, its revenue is expected to surpass $2.5 billion by 2025.



  1. Collaborative Technologies

Organizations basically used collaborative technologies at the time of COVID to recreate the office environment at home. To accommodate the new and unforeseen demand for shared online workplaces, organizations creating collaborative tools went back to the drawing board and upgraded their offerings.

Google Workspace and Microsoft Teams are the most popular collaborative tool providers. The main advantages of collaborative technologies are real-time employee communication and document synchronization, which ensure that work can be done effectively. So, you can also use collaborative tools to offer an office-like environment to your employees virtually and achieve more business productivity.


  1. Cleantech

With the advancements in modern-age tools and technologies, people are getting desired for sustainable living, and this is where cleantech or clean technologies come into the picture. This new solar technology reduces the environmental impact of products while optimizing the usage of natural resources.

The most popular cleantech trends are electric vehicles, solar panels, rechargeable batteries, and biofuel-powered turbo generators. Businesses planning to set up their business in current times can think of investing in clean technologies and remain assured of success and growth in the coming time.


  1. Internet of Behaviors (IoB)

Service providers use IoT devices to capture a lot of user data. Businesses are evaluating the value of the data using analytics and big data approaches, known as the Internet of Behaviors (IoB). This new technology 2024 helps businesses customize their services, sell their products, and enhance a client’s relationship by examining consumer information.

While customized solutions are crucial, businesses must battle to persuade customers to contribute their personal data to create them. The technology works on the same concept as IoT.


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Wednesday, July 24, 2024

Secure Software Development Life Cycle

 



1. Core Security Training Phase: Training to software development teams on application security, organizational and to make sure the team stays informed of the latest updates in security and privacy. Foundational concepts for building better software include secure design, threat modeling, secure coding, security testing, and best practices surrounding privacy.

Software development teams on application security, organizational policy and capabilities to make sure the team stays informed of the latest updates in security and privacy.

The Security Awareness Training for Software Developers includes the following modules:

  • Secure Coding Best Practices based on the OWASP Top 10
  • Defensive techniques, ideally presented as a framework (e.g. OWASP ESAPI)
  • Web Service and Web 2.0 Threats
  • Black-box Application Assessment Tools
  • Best practices for secure code reviews
  • Cryptography, Hashing and Obfuscation
  • Input Validation Strategies
  • Understanding Threats: Threat Modeling

2. Requirements Gathering Phase: These should be gathered by the same personnel, in fact. Since the idea of secure development is to start at the very beginning of the coding, it helps to have both the feature requirements and the security requirements side by side during planning.

  • Security Requirements
  • Risk Assessment

3. Planning and Design: Consider security and privacy in the initial design of new products and features and permits the integration of security in a way that minimizes disruptions to plans and schedules.

  • Identify Design Requirements from security perspective
  • Architecture & Design Reviews
  • Threat Modeling

Consider security and privacy when designing new features of products and integrate security into applications with minimal disruption.

4. Implementation: Avoid coding issues that could lead to vulnerabilities and leverages state-of-the-art development tools to assist in building more secure code. Analyzing the source code prior to compile provides a scalable method of security code review and helps ensure that secure coding policies are being followed.

  • Make certain SQL queries are parameterized correctly and that input is validated
  • Ensure developers are performing proper validation to prevent Cross Site Scripting
  • Coding Best Practices
  • Perform Static Analysis
  • Secure Data Storage
  • Secure Access Control

Prevent coding errors from creating vulnerabilities as well as use sophisticated development tools to build more secure code.

5. Verification and Testing: Run-time verification of software applications to ensure that functionality works as designed. Apply appropriate verification to software applications and make sure they produce proper functionality as defined in the initial design.

  • Vulnerability Assessment
  • Fuzzing

Apply appropriate verification to software applications and make sure they produce proper functionality as defined in the initial design.

6. Deployment: Response plans and protocols to address new threats that emerges over time. Certifying software prior to a release helps ensure security and privacy requirements were met.

  • Server Configuration Review
  • Network Configuration Review



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Monday, July 22, 2024

Wireless Networking : Devices, application, advantages and disadvantages

 


Wireless Networking: The term wireless networking comes with the combination of two words i.e. Wireless + Networking. The word wireless is defined as “having no wires” or ‘without cable’ while networking is defined as the interaction of devices with one others to exchange information and develop professional or social contacts. In wireless networking terminology, wireless is the term that used to explain about any computer network where there is no physical cable connection between information sender and receiver, but rather the network is connected by radio waves and/or microwaves to maintain communications in between sender and receiver. Hence a wireless networking is a computer networking technology which enables users to communicate and access applications and information without connected by wires of any kinds.

Wireless networking technology provides high feasibility to the users i.e. freedom of movement and the ability to extend applications to different parts of a building, city, or nearly anywhere in the world. The use of a wireless networking enables enterprises to avoid the costly process of introducing cables into buildings or as a connection between different equipment locations. Thus this networking technology provides a economy environment to big organizations. Wireless networking allows its users to interact via e-mail or browse the Internet from a location that is feasible to them.

Wireless networking devices:

The basic of wireless networking utilize some specific equipment (excluding ad-hoc network) such as NICs (Network Interface Card), APs (Access Points), Ethernet switches, wireless extenders & repeaters, network adapters, modems and routers in place of wires (copper or optical fiber) by which all communication runs through air interfacing. These devices typically use the IEEE 802.11 a, b, g, n (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers), standard sand come in with a wide variety of products ranging from simple devices suitable for households to the APs with high security and performance. The basic wireless networks consist of multiple stations those are communicating with radios that broadcast in either the 2.4GHz or 5GHz band, though this varies according to the locale and is also changing to enable communication in the 2.3GHz and 4.9GHz ranges. There are various wireless communication systems exists, but a distinguishing attribute of a wireless network is that communication takes place between computer devices. The wireless networking used by various devices which includes;

  • Personal digital assistants (PDAs),
  • Laptops,
  • Personal computers (PCs),
  • Servers,
  • Printer etc.
The wireless networks convey information or transfer data between computer devices. The data can take the form of e-mail messages, web pages, and database records, streaming video or voice. In most of the cases, wireless networks transfer data, such as e-mail messages and files, but advancements in the performance of wireless networks is enabling support for video and voice communications as well.

Advantages of Wireless Communication:

  • Heavy data transform: Huge amount of data and information can be transmitted faster with a high speed.
  • Economical setup installation: A Unified Wireless network is often more cost effective than installing dedicated cable drops, and is less costly than you think.
  • Save Time: By providing wireless network services when and where they are needed most, without adding additional staff resources.
  • Maintenance is less cost for these networks.
  • The internet can be accessed from anywhere wirelessly.
  • High amount user access wireless network.
  • Very helpful for workers, doctors working in remote areas as they can be in touch with medical centers.
Disadvantages of Wireless Communication:

  • Unauthorized user: An unauthorized person can easily capture the wireless signals which spread through the air.
  • Security: It is very important to secure the wireless network so that the information cannot be misused by unauthorized users.
Application of Wireless networking:

Wireless networking technology is widely available across worldwide. High amount of wireless networking application involves security systems, television remote control, Wi-Fi, Cell phones, wireless power transfer, computer interface devices and various wireless communication based projects (like; Android based smart phone communication, smart phone controlled traffic signal etc.).



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Saturday, July 20, 2024

Dr. Manu Y M, BGS Institute of Technology- Adichunchanagiri University, India



This speech was delivered by Manu Y M, BGS Institute of Technology- Adichunchanagiri University, India, during the International Research Award for Excellence in Network Protocols, Technology and Communication was Organized by ScienceFather.

The International Research Award for Excellence in Network Protocols, Technology, and Communication is a prestigious accolade that pays tribute to individuals, research teams, and organizations that have demonstrated exceptional dedication and made outstanding contributions to the fields of network protocols, technology, and communication research.


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DevOps in the software development and IT industry



DevOps in the software development and IT industry This speech was delivered by Manu Y M, BGS Institute of Technology - Adichunchanagiri University, China, during the International Research Award for Excellence in Network Protocols, Technology and Communication was Organized by ScienceFather.

The International Conference on Advanced Network Protocols, Technology, and Communication Research is an event where innovation and research excellence are celebrated. It plays a vital role in shaping the future of network protocols and communication technologies by promoting open dialogue, collaboration, and the exchange of ideas. As the conference continues to evolve, it remains a beacon for those dedicated to advancing the frontiers of technology and communication research.

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