Internet Protocol (IP): IP is a fundamental network protocol used for routing data packets across networks. It provides logical addressing (IP addresses) to devices connected to the internet or a private network, allowing them to communicate with each other.
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP): TCP is a connection-oriented protocol that operates in the transport layer. It provides reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of data between applications running on devices. TCP establishes a connection, acknowledges data receipt, and retransmits lost packets if necessary.
User Datagram Protocol (UDP): UDP is also a transport layer protocol but is connectionless and provides unreliable data delivery. It is suitable for applications that require faster data transmission but can tolerate some data loss, such as real-time streaming and online gaming.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP): HTTP is an application layer protocol used for web browsing. It governs the communication between web browsers and web servers, enabling the retrieval and display of webpages and other resources.
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP): SMTP is an application layer protocol used for sending and relaying email messages between email servers. It ensures that emails are routed to the correct destination servers.
File Transfer Protocol (FTP): FTP is an application layer protocol designed for transferring files between computers on a network. It provides a standardized way to upload, download, and manage files on FTP servers.
Secure Shell (SSH): SSH is a secure network protocol used for secure remote access and command execution on networked devices. It encrypts the data exchanged between the client and the server, providing secure communication.
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP): ICMP is an integral part of IP and is used for diagnostic and error reporting purposes. It helps detect network problems, such as unreachable hosts or network congestion.
Border Gateway Protocol (BGP): BGP is an exterior gateway protocol used in large-scale networks, such as the internet, to exchange routing information between autonomous systems. It is responsible for making routing decisions to determine the best paths for data transmission.
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP): DHCP is a network protocol that dynamically assigns IP addresses and network configuration information to devices when they join a network. It simplifies network administration by automating the IP address allocation process.
Internet Protocol Security (IPsec): IPsec is a suite of protocols used to secure internet communication by encrypting and authenticating data at the IP layer. It is commonly used to establish secure virtual private networks (VPNs).
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