Multicast routing is a protocol that sends one copy of data to multiple users simultaneously on a closed network. The most popular uses of multicasting include videoconferencing and streaming media on organizational networks such as hotels or campuses.
Multicast routing has numerous other uses, though. Here’s a look at some of the most common ones, how it operates, the classifications of multicast routing, and the most well-known protocols and examples that solidify it as a timeless technique.
What is the purpose of multicasting?
The principal purpose Multicasting sends only one copy of a data packet to selective destinations so that only devices that request the information receive it. Before getting there, routing tables identify endpoints to ensure they have the correct address.
In contrast, unicasting sends one packet to one source, while broadcasting sends one packet to all sources simultaneously.
The purpose of this selective delivery is multifold. First, it optimizes loop-free topology, allowing the protocol to discover the shortest paths for data reception. Second, it only attempts to send data packets one time, hitting nodes again if they submit requests.
How multicast routing works
It’s another way multicasting reduces latency and bandwidth because it doesn’t attempt to send more transmissions than it can handle. Diversifying the nodes responsible for dispersing the information helps receivers access data promptly.
Multicasting requires a server capable of handling multiple protocols. Otherwise, it won’t operate well on LANs or WANs. Protocol independent multicast (PIM) and internet group management protocol (IGMP) allow routers to fashion the tree branches and access data. IGMP informs multicast rendezvous points on how many recipients there are and where they are located.
Source-based tree (SBT)
SBTs are annotated as source, group (S, G). They attempt to find the quickest route to as many receivers as possible, trimming the distance the data travels each time it’s transferred. Thus it’s also known as a shortest-path tree (SPT).
GSTs are annotated as (*, G), using an asterisk (*) in place of the source, since the source may be any number of different origins beyond the RP.
Transmission can occur bidirectionally in this setup. Therefore, not every member has to be attached to the starting router or core.
Multicast routing is not a default and may not be supported on every network. Where supported, users can toggle it on and off through network settings. You can configure your router to support any multicast routing protocol. The host is then assigned an IP address that receivers downstream can easily identify.
It uses a multicast forwarding information base (MFIB) and sends information to the routing information base (MRIB). These keep communications open with other protocols and track data transmission speed and bytes.
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