Multicast Routing: Protocols and Examples

 

Top 3 multicast routing protocols

Several routing protocols enhance multicasting capabilities, but the most widely used are dense mode, sparse mode, and reverse path forwarding.

Dense mode

In dense mode, the source will distribute the data to every subnet included in the multicast network. This is also called flooding because it sends packets with less discretion than other protocol variants.

Not every router has to accept the package, though. Prune messages can notify the sending nodes to exclude them from receiving information, which helps trim unnecessary data emissions.

PIM protocol can work in a dense mode multicast routing type because it creates as many short pathways to recipients as possible.

Sparse mode

Whereas dense mode mass-releases data to connected networks, sparse mode only takes the time to do so if there’s a request.

Protocols like this reduce bandwidth usage and allow nodes joining the multicast group to receive data over time when they initiate a specific request.

Like dense mode, there is also a PIM sparse model.

Reverse Path Forwarding

Reverse path forwarding implements a self-check so nodes can’t receive the same information they sent, because the sender won’t look at that interface.

Though multicast routing optimizes for short paths, it can sometimes lead to loops when packets continually find other connected nodes. In such cases it can unintentionally waste resources by sending data back to the original sender. Reverse path forwarding allows for more intentional sending and receiving of data.

4 examples of multicasting

There are many uses of multicast routing, but some of the most common are media streaming on IPTV, videoconferencing, file distribution, and Internet of Things (IoT) devices.

It may be helpful to contextualize multicasting with these examples to understand its most relevant uses, as well as what sets it apart from other routing protocols. Even though unicasting or broadcasting could suffice to deliver media or mass amounts of data, it may not always be the optimal solution.

• Streaming: This is one of the most widely used multicasting applications, allowing video or other media to be delivered to users across a corporate campus, school, or hotel property. Live streaming of events and concerts is also sometimes done via multicast.
• Videoconferencing: From Zoom calls to mass video training sessions, multicasting allows many entrants to participate in the same event without overwhelming the server.
  
• File distribution: Over-the-air patch management, operating system imaging, and even financial stock tickers can all be multicast over corporate networks.
• IoT devices: The sensors embedded into IoT devices translate and send information to databases, AI, and countless other sources when it collects info. These systems may rely on multicasting to keep tabs on cybersecurity and ensure the correct recipients.
  
  

Multicasting could apply to large-scale professional training experiences or gaming events through virtual reality. The possibilities are continuing to expand as new technologies come into the fold, stretching the abilities of what and how multicasts can transmit experiences across networks.

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