Types of IoT Networks

What is IoT Network?


IoT Network refers to the communication technologies Internet of Things (IoT) devices use to share or spread data to other devices or interfaces available within reachable distance. Various types of IoT networks are available for IoT devices/sensors to communicate. Choosing the proper networking protocol for given requirements is critical to collecting real-time data and accessing insights through IoT applications.

This technical reference book will explore various types of IoT networks available for IoT implementation and selection strategy.

As the industry revolutionizes with changing times, the current industry 4.0 is a recipient of advancement in telecom technology that has innovated the IoT (Internet of Things). The IIoT (Industrial Internet of Things), a sub-specification of the IoT, is designed to facilitate industry automation and enable Smart manufacturing.

IIoT focuses on parameters exclusive to the manufacturing industry and exhibits potential growth, production, optimization, and maintenance of industrial outputs and equipment, respectively. At the heart of IoT technology for industries, the choice of network plays a vital role in the success of IIoT with Smart Manufacturing. Let’s explore wireless networks for smart manufacturing.

Understanding Layers of Network in IoT Space


To wisely choose which network appropriately supports the needs of an industry, it is advised to stay informed on network layers in the IoT space. IoT includes a lot of machine communication, device identification, and communication, along with active machine learning tools for data analytics.

Therefore, a robust network is required to support the same.
Owing to facilitate your understanding, here is a structure that pictures the network layering in IoT technology:

• Network / Links Layer
• Internet Layer
• Transport Layer
• Application Layer

The first links layer aligns with industry standards like that of IEEE 802 MAC and IEEE 802 PHY, which deal with local and metropolitan area networks. It is restricted to short data transmission of uniformly sized cells. The next layer is the internet layer (IPv4/IPv6/IP Routing), which is internet-ready connected devices/systems that communicate within internet-connected domains with the help of a device-unique identification.

Following the internet layer is the transport layer consisting of TCP/UDP/DTLS/HTTP over the wire, which helps communicate between systems as part of transportation principles and protocols. The application layer at the apex accommodates industry standard approaches like MQTT, CoAP, and API for application communication between devices/systems.

Types of IoT Networks

Wireless networks are no new inventions in the realm of technology but have been subject to advancement and innovation from time to time to tackle rising challenges with growing devices/systems in communication. Here are major wireless network types that can facilitate IoT applications and IoT sensor deployment in industries.

• RFID
• BLE / NFC
• WIFI / LoFI
• MESH Protocols
• LPWAN (LoRa, Sigfox)
• Cellular (3G / 4G /5G)

Progressive standards are being introduced for sophistication, from RFID scanning and communication to Bluetooth (BLE/NFC) data communication. Though BLE/NFC is mobile phone operation-centric, other network protocols serve the purpose of IoT deployment in line with industry prerequisites.

IoT deployment is supported by cellular (2G, 3 G, 4G & 5G) network protocols and WiFi / LoFI by providing efficient local area networking of short-range devices and internet access.

MESH protocols are radio nodes organized in a mesh topology to connect devices and nodes for data transfer and communication that can be opted in IoT deployment based on customers’ needs.

The LPWAN (LoRa, Sigfox) is a futuristic invention that refers to a low-power wide area network that lowers power consumption while offering an advanced network for connectivity. It is designed to facilitate long-range wireless communications at a low bit rate among connected devices/systems.

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