What are the different types of Communication Protocols?

Communication protocols:

Communication protocols are the set of rules that allow two or more electronic devices to connect and exchange data with each other.

They have proper descriptions of digital message formats and rules.

They are important for digital and analog communications to take place.

Types of communication protocols:

Communication protocols are of two types. 

They are:

1. Inter System Protocol
2. Intra System Protocol

Inter System Protocol

It is used for communication between two different devices. Say, for example, communication between a computer and a microcontroller circuit.

Different categories of Inter System protocols are:

1. UART Protocol – Universal Asynchronous Transmitter and Receiver

• It is a serial communication protocol, with two wired protocols.
• The data cable signal lines are labeled as Rx(receiver) and Tx(transmitter). It is a Half-Duplex protocol. (i.e., it can send and receive data but not at the same time)
• UART takes bytes of data and sequentially sends the individual bits. It has one start bit, 8-bit data, and one stop bit.

2. USART Protocol – Universal Synchronous and Asynchronous Transmitter and Receiver

• It is a serial communication protocol, with two wired protocols.
• The data cable signal lines are labeled as Rx(receiver) and Tx(transmitter). It is a Full-Duplex protocol. (i.e., it can send and receive data at the same time by different baud rates)

3. USB Protocol – Universal Serial Bus

• It is a serial communication protocol, with two wired protocols.
• The data cable lines are labeled D+ and D-.
• It is used to send data serially to the host and peripheral devices.
• There are different modes of transfer-slow speed mode(10kbps to 100kbps), full speed mode(500kbps to 10mbps), and high-speed mode(2mbps to 400 Mbps).
• The maximum cable length is 4 meters. Examples: mouse, keyboard, etc.

Intra System Protocol

It is used to communicate the two devices within the circuit board. They reduce the circuit complexity, power consumption, and cost. It is very secure to access data.

Different categories of Inter System protocols are:

1. I2C Protocol – Inter-Integrated Circuit Protocol

• It is a master-slave communication protocol.
• It has two wires SDA (Serial data line) and SCL (Serial clock line) for carrying information between devices.
• SDA and SCA are bidirectional.

2. SPI Protocol – Serial Peripheral Interface Protocol

• It is a serial communication protocol developed by Motorola.
• It is also called a 4-wire protocol. It has four wires-MOSI, MISO, SS, and SCLK.
• It is used to communicate master-slave devices.
• It is a full duplex communication protocol. It is not limited to 8-bit words in data transferring.

3. CAN Protocol – Controller Area Network Protocol

• It is a serial communication protocol.
• It has two wires Can High (H+) and CAN Low (H-).
• It is based on a network-oriented transmission protocol.

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