Network architecture is the structured framework that defines the design, configuration, and implementation of a computer network. It specifies how different devices such as routers, switches, servers, and end-user devices interact and communicate through established protocols.
Key elements of network architecture include:
- Topology: The physical or logical arrangement of network components (e.g., star, mesh, ring).
- Protocols: Rules governing data exchange, such as TCP/IP, HTTP, and FTP.
- Security: Measures like firewalls, encryption, and authentication to protect data and systems.
- Scalability: The ability of the network to grow or adapt to increased traffic and user demands.
- Performance Optimization: Techniques to ensure reliability, low latency, and efficient bandwidth usage.
There are various types of network architectures tailored to specific needs:
- Client-Server: Centralized model where servers provide resources to clients.
- Peer-to-Peer (P2P): Decentralized model where devices share resources directly.
- Hybrid: Combines aspects of both client-server and P2P architectures.
Modern network architectures also integrate cloud computing, virtualization, and IoT technologies to meet the demands of scalability, mobility, and advanced analytics.
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