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A computer network is a system that connects multiple computing devices to share resources, communicate, and exchange data. Networks can range from small local connections to vast global infrastructures. Here are key aspects:
Types of Computer Networks
- Local Area Network (LAN) – A network within a limited area like a home, office, or campus. Example: Ethernet-based office network.
- Wide Area Network (WAN) – Covers large geographical areas, often using leased telecommunication lines. Example: The Internet.
- Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) – Covers a city or large campus, larger than a LAN but smaller than a WAN.
- Personal Area Network (PAN) – Small-scale network around an individual, like Bluetooth or a smartphone hotspot.
- Wireless Networks (WLAN, WWAN) – Use wireless communication like Wi-Fi or 5G instead of cables.
Key Components
- Nodes – Devices like computers, servers, and IoT devices that communicate on a network.
- Switches – Direct data within a network efficiently.
- Routers – Connect different networks, guiding data between them.
- Modems – Convert signals for internet access via ISPs.
- Firewalls – Provide security by filtering network traffic.
Network Topologies
- Bus – Single central cable connecting devices.
- Star – Central hub or switch connects all nodes.
- Mesh – Devices interconnect redundantly for fault tolerance.
- Ring – Data travels in a circular path between devices.
Protocols and Technologies
- TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) – Foundation of the Internet.
- HTTP/HTTPS – Web communication protocols.
- FTP (File Transfer Protocol) – For file exchange.
- DNS (Domain Name System) – Translates domain names to IP addresses.
- VPN (Virtual Private Network) – Encrypts data for secure communication.
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