One more concept that distinguishes 5G network architecture from its 4G predecessor is that of edge computing or mobile edge compute. In this scenario, you can have small data centers positioned at the edge of the network, close to where the cell towers are. That’s very important for very low latency and for high bandwidth applications that are carrying the same content.
For a high bandwidth example, think of video streaming services. The content originates in a server that’s sitting somewhere in the cloud. If people are connected to a cell tower and let’s say, 100 people are streaming a popular TV program, it’s more efficient to have that content as close to the consumer as possible, right there on the edge, ideally on the cell tower.
The user streams this content from a storage media that is on the edge rather than having to stream and transfer this information and backhaul it for 100 people from the central location on the cloud. Instead, using the 5G structure, you can bring to content to the tower just once and then distribute it out to your 100 subscribers.
The same principle applies in applications requiring two-way communication where low latency is needed. If a user has an application running at the edge, then the turnaround time is much faster because the data doesn’t have to traverse the network.
In the 5G network structure, these edge networks can also be used for services that are provided on the edge. Since it’s possible to virtualize these 5G core functions, you could have them running on a standard server or data center hardware and have fiber running to the radio that sends out the signal. So the radio is specialized, but everything else is pretty standard.
Today, 4G LTE is still growing. It provides excellent speed and sufficient bandwidth to support most IoT applications today. 4G LTE and 5G networks will co-exist over the next decade, as applications begin to migrate and then 5G networks and applications eventually supersede 4G LTE.
Devices Using 5G
5G will evolve over time, and 5G devices will follow suit. Early products will be “5G-ready”, which means that these products have the processing power and Gigabit Ethernet ports needed to support the higher bandwidth 5G modems and 5G extenders now on the horizon.Later 5G products will have 5G modems directly integrated and have a faster multi-core processor, 2.5 or even 10 Gigabit Ethernet interfaces and Wi-Fi 6/6E radios. These product changes will drive the cost of 5G products up but are required to handle the additional speed and lower latency that 5G networks will offer.
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